Cattle Smuggling Across the India-Bangladesh Borderlands: A Challenge for Border Management?

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study offers a comprehensive assessment of the cattle smuggling issue along the borders of India and Bangladesh. This critical subject has received little scholarly attention despite having substantial implications for border security, the regional economy, and the sustenance of local populations. This study investigates the complex socioeconomic and political factors that drive illicit trade in borderland areas, employing a thematic analysis of focus group discussions and key informant interviews with residents. Data were collected from 46 borderland residents, including local villagers and informal cross-border traders, from Panchagarh, Kurigram, and Satkhira districts. The findings indicate the presence of four primary themes, namely “Economic Imperatives of Cattle Smuggling,” “High Demand for Indian Cattle in Bangladesh,” “Lack of Proper Border Management,” and “Risks Associated with Cattle Smuggling.” These themes highlight the economic imperatives, market-oriented dynamics, and governance complexities of cattle smuggling in the India-Bangladesh borderlands.