Abstract
Nanostructures have been of paramount importance for developing immunoadjuvants. They must be cationic and non-cytotoxic, easily assembling with usually oppositely charged antigens such as proteins, haptens or nucleic acids for use in vaccines. We obtained optimal hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) from the biocompatible polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the cationic lipid dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DODAB) by emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of DODAB. NPs adsorbed ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen and we determined their adjuvant properties. Interestingly, they elicited high double immune responses of the cellular and humoral types overcoming the poor biocompatibility of DODAB-based adjuvants of the bilayer type. The results suggested that the novel adjuvant would be possibly of use in a variety of vaccines.
Highlights
In vaccine design, cationic nanostructures are very important as adjuvants for carrying antigens
The background for synthesizing poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (DODAB) NPs has been the high miscibility of DODAB and PMMA due to weak but numerous intermolecular interactions [40]
The hybrid coatings using PMMA/DODAB materials joined the high biocompatibility of PMMA [21,50,51] with the antimicrobial activity of the quaternary ammonium moiety of DODAB [52,53,54,55]
Summary
Cationic nanostructures are very important as adjuvants for carrying antigens Their nanometric size avoids retention by physiological barriers at the site of injection allowing them to reach lymph nodes and dendritic cells more [1,2,3,4,5,6]. They can be obtained from a variety of lipids, polymers or lipids and polymers, mostly as bilayer vesicles [7,8], open bilayer disks [9,10,11,12,13], lipid nanoparticles [14] or hybrid nanoparticles [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. This basic knowledge led to the optimized deposition of supported DODAB bilayers on polystyrene sulfate (PSS)
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