Abstract
Cathodoluminescence may be used for determination of bond length and composition, if distortion is not an important factor. Spectral emission of Mn 2+ in two different sites in a structure can be used to describe population density of manganese for those sites. The dependence of luminescence on Fe/Mn concentration and in heating of the host mineral was instrumental in allowing the use of emission intensity for the detection, in a general manner, of the location of a hydrothermal ore body in a limestone sequence. A variety of applications employing wavelength and intensity response to crystallographic phase differences and changing Mn/Fe concentrations were utilized to delineate changes in the composition of biogenic carbonate material. Minor regenerative phases such as calcite and vaterite can be detected easily in an aragonitic shell. In a similar manner, minor original aragonite can be found in a sample altered to calcite. Cathodoluminescence arising out of the excitation of Mn 2+ in carbonate structures was found to be useful in distinguishing changes in coordination, symmetry, bond length, composition and in a variety of geological applications.
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