Abstract
Refractories are ceramic materials possessing high thermal shock properties and slag corrosion resistance, as well as creep resistance at high temperatures. They are used in large quantities in steel making furnaces, metal smelting vessels, and glass melting tanks, and are made from very refractory minerals such as lime, periclase, corundum, spinel, and zirconia. Slags are residual vitreous materials generated during steel refining processes. They cover a wide range of compositions and may contain pure oxides, silicates, and sulfides as well as fluoride phases, depending on the melting and smelting processes. These minerals exhibit spectacular cathodoluminescence color when bombarded with electrons. Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy, therefore, is a very effective technique for the characterization of refractory corrosion by slags. Studies in this paper include: (1) reaction of fluorine containing mold slags with ZrO2-C nozzle refractories, promoting crystallization of cuspidine [Ca4Si2O7(F,OH)2], (2) corrosion of fusion cast refractories and formation of glass defects in TV panel glassmaking furnaces, and (3) densification of spinel-based castable in steel melting induction furnace.
Highlights
The word "refractory" refers to high- melting temperature materials and is known to be derived from the Latin word refractarius, which means stubborn [1]
Refractories are ceramic materials possessing high thermal shock properties and slag corrosion resistance, as well as creep resistance at high temperatures. They are used in large quantities in steel making furnaces, metal smelting vessels, and glass melting tanks, and are made from very refractory minerals such as lime, periclase, corundum, spinel, and zirconia
The purpose of this paper is to present several case studies in which refractories have been chemically corroded and to demonstrate the application of cathodoluminescence microscopy to such materials
Summary
The word "refractory" refers to high- melting temperature materials and is known to be derived from the Latin word refractarius, which means stubborn [1]. Refractories are traditionally defined as "non- metallic and shaped ceramic materials that withstand high temperatures". The definition of "refractories" has evolved and extends to practically "any material which can function in a high-temperature environment", as described by Lee and Rainforth [2]. Irrespective of composition or form, refractories possess one or more of the following properties:. Dense carbon blocks have excellent thermal conductivity and refractoriness, but cannot tolerate oxidation. They are used in the bottom of the melt in blast furnaces and in other nonoxidizing locations.
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