Cathodic Water Enhances Seedling Emergence and Growth of Controlled Deteriorated Orthodox Seeds.

Kayode Fatokun,Norman W Pammenter,Richard P Beckett,Boby Varghese

doi:10.3390/plants10061170

Kayode Fatokun, Norman W Pammenter + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061170

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Abstract

All orthodox seeds eventually deteriorate during storage, a well-known problem in seed banking. Here we used a greenhouse study to test if priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water can improve the emergence and subsequent seedling growth of three South African tree species, Bolusanthus speciosus, Combretum erythrophyllum and Erythrina caffra. Other priming solutions investigated were calcium magnesium (CaMg) solution and deionized water. In the present study, seeds were subjected to an artificial deterioration by increasing their water content to 14% and keeping them at 40 °C and 100% RH until they had lost 50% of their germination under laboratory conditions. Fresh and deteriorated seeds were primed with cathodic water, CaMg solution and deionized water, with non-primed fresh and deteriorated seeds as controls. Controlled deterioration significantly reduced total emergence and the biomass and photosynthetic parameters of the resulting seedlings. In one species (Bolusanthus speciosus), priming the deteriorated seeds with cathodic water significantly improved emergence parameters. However, in all species cathodic water significantly improved the total biomasses and other growth parameters of the seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds. Priming with CaMg solution and deionized water had little effect on emergence and while improving the growth of seedlings derived from deteriorated seeds, they were less effective than cathodic water. In fresh seeds, priming with all solutions resulted in small improvements in some parameters. Controlled deterioration of fresh seeds reduced the membrane stability index (MSI) in two of the three species and in all species increased the levels of the lipid oxidation products MDA and 4-HNE. Priming deteriorated seeds with cathodic water increased the MSI and reduced the MDA contents in all species and the 4-HNE content in one species. Other priming solutions were generally less effective in ameliorating oxidative stress. Results suggest that the strong antioxidative properties of cathodic water can explain its ability to ameliorate deterioration. In conclusion, the present study shows that priming with cathodic water is an effective way of invigorating deteriorated orthodox seeds and that it may have considerable potential in orthodox seed conservation.

Highlights

Mean emergence time, emergence index and uniformity of emergence were adversely affected by controlled deterioration when compared with the fresh unprimed seeds
Our original motivation for testing the effectiveness of cathodic water in germplasm conservation came from an earlier study, in which the deterioration of maize seed was counteracted by cathodic protection [48]
A solution of cathodic water is more practical to use than foil discs and in later experiments we showed that cathodic water can improve the cryopreservation of the embryonic axes and embryos of recalcitrant seeds [21,47,50] and shoot tips [51], and could improve the germination of orthodox seeds [22,23]

Summary

Introduction

Orthodox seeds need to be stored in the short term so that they can produce high quality plants in the growing season. Seeds must be stored in long-term base collections with the aim of conserving genetic resources so that germplasm can be maintained and used in future breeding programs and for restoring wild populations [1]. No matter how good the conditions, all seeds undergo deterioration ( known as aging) during long-term storage, which leads to a decline in seed germination, seedling emergence and later plant growth [2]. The reduction in “performance” is of considerable concern with respect to the

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