Abstract
This study explored the effects of renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) on hyperlipidity-induced cardiac hypertrophy in beagle dogs. Sixty beagles were randomly assigned to the control group, RDN group, or sham-operated group. The control group was fed with a basal diet, while the other two groups were given a high-fat diet to induce model hypertension. The RDN group underwent an RDN procedure, and the sham-operated group underwent only renal arteriography. At 1, 3, and 6 months after the RDN procedure, the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were markedly decreased in the RDN group relative to the sham group (P < 0.05). After 6 months, serum norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AngII), as well as left ventricular levels, in the RDN group were statistically lower than those in the sham group (P < 0.05). Also, the left ventricular mass (LVM) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were significantly decreased, while the E/A peak ratio was drastically elevated (P < 0.05). Pathological examination showed that the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in the RDN group was statistically decreased relative to those of the sham group and that the collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular circumferential collagen area (PVCA) were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Renal sympathetic denervation not only effectively reduced blood pressure levels in hypertensive dogs but also reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis and improved left ventricular diastolic function. The underlying mechanisms may involve a reduction of NE and AngII levels in the circulation and myocardial tissues, which would lead to the delayed occurrence of left ventricular remodeling.
Highlights
The rapid emergence and serious consequence of hypertension are considered one of the major threats to the quality of human life
We explored the changes in blood pressure level, the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and the diastolic function of the left ventricular in hypertensive dogs treated with renal sympathetic denervation (RDN)
The left ventricular myocardium was subjected to H&E staining, and the results showed that the size and the cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes were statistically smaller in the RDN group relative to the sham-operated group (Figure 3)
Summary
The rapid emergence and serious consequence of hypertension are considered one of the major threats to the quality of human life. Hypertension is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and stroke and the most common cause of death [1, 2]. Refractory hypertension is a vital risk factor for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Patients with hypertension experience changes in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial fibrosis, even before the incidence of clinical events [3]. Studies have shown that diastolic dysfunction may occur in hypertensive subjects with a normal left ventricular mass (LVM) [4, 5]. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are closely related to death and disability rates for cardiovascular diseases [6, 7]. Studies have found that the reversal of LVH improves the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and that LVH is independent of other risk factors. LVH is recommended as an intermediate treatment endpoint [8]
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