Abstract
During the last several years, dilating balloons have been applied in the treatment of stenotic cardiac valves. This interest has recently been extended to stenotic porcine bioprosthetic valves. Part I of this review discusses the pathologic processes responsible for degeneration of porcine prostheses: intrinsic calcification (mineralization), cuspal tears and perforations, and cuspal thrombosis (non-infective). These changes form the basis of applied balloon valvuloplasty techniques.
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