Catheter ablation for patients with anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial fibrillation: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Abstract Background Anomalous pulmonary venous return involves the partial or complete absence of a connection between the pulmonary veins and the left atrium. The pulmonary vein potential plays a vital role in atrial fibrillation, and catheter ablation to isolate the pulmonary vein is crucial for treating this condition. However, when anomalous pulmonary venous return is present, it makes ablation more challenging and increases the risk of atrial fibrillation recurrence after the procedure. Case summary A 49-year-old man was hospitalised because he had been experiencing occasional palpitations for 2 months. He had previously undergone surgery to repair an atrial septal defect when he was 11 years old, during which an issue with the right inferior pulmonary vein was identified but left unaddressed. Electrocardiography upon admission showed atrial fibrillation. Left atrial computed tomography angiography revealed that following atrial septal repair surgery, the right inferior pulmonary vein drained into the right atrium. The patient underwent transcatheter radiofrequency Mablation to electrically isolate the pulmonary vein with anomalous return. After 12 months of follow-up, there was no atrial fibrillation recurrence. Discussion When performing catheter ablation for anomalous pulmonary venous return and atrial fibrillation, it is essential to consider ablating the irregular pulmonary vein before surgery. This helps to reduce surgical complications and the likelihood of atrial fibrillation recurrence. This case report highlights the challenges encountered during ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation and anomalous pulmonary venous return. In addition, we have reviewed the literature to offer insights into the development of ablation strategies for similar patients.