Abstract
Catechol is a key constituent in mussel adhesive proteins and is responsible for strong adhesive property and crosslinking formation. Plant-based polyphenols are also capable of chemical interactions similar to those of catechol and are inherently antimicrobial. This review reports a series of catechol-based antimicrobial polymers classified according to their antimicrobial mechanisms. Catechol is utilized as a surface anchoring group for adhering monomers and polymers of known antimicrobial properties onto various types of surfaces. Additionally, catechol’s ability to form strong complexes with metal ions and nanoparticles was utilized to sequester these antimicrobial agents into coatings and polymer matrices. During catechol oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated as a byproduct, and the use of the generated ROS for antimicrobial applications was also introduced. Finally, polymers that utilized the innate antimicrobial property of halogenated catechols and polyphenols were reviewed.
Highlights
Infection associated with microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites results in more death worldwide when compared with other causes [1,2]
The most widely used antimicrobial strategy is the use of small antimicrobial molecules that are broadly applied such as antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants, and preservatives
Catechol serves as the surface anchoring group to adhere these antimicrobial polymers onto various types of surfaces
Summary
Infection associated with microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites results in more death worldwide when compared with other causes [1,2]. Incorporating catechol into the polymers interaction, cation–π interaction, coordination with metal oxide surfaces and metal ions) and covalent bond formation (Figure 1) [23]. While plant-based such as tannic acid (TA) and catechin intermolecular tistspolyphenols utilize these compounds predominantly as exhibit a surface anchoringinteractions group for and promoting crosslinking capability resembling those of catechol. While most scientists utilize interfacial bonding, recent research indicated that catechol generates reactive oxygen spethese compounds predominantly as a surface anchoring group for promoting interfacial cies (ROS) as a byproduct during catechol oxidation [34]. Moieties as a surface anchoring group to immobilize antimicrobial polymers is rethe use of catechol-modified polymers to sequester metal ions or NPs viewed. The antimicrobial activity of halogenated catechol and polyphenols is reviewed
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