Catalyzed growth model of carbon nanotubes by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using CH 4 and CO 2 gas mixtures

Abstract

Catalyst growth carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been synthesized successfully by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using CH 4–CO 2 gas sources, and Fe, Ti, Fe/Ti as catalysts. Significant difference of morphology in the carbon deposition was observed between Fe and Ti catalyst. By adjusting growth parameters of CH 4 to CO 2, a high yield of vertically aligned CNTs can be found in an Fe-deposited substrate. Ti is shown to be not suitable as a catalyst in CNT production. In the present work, we investigated the effect of H 2 plasma pretreatment on the CNT growth from the viewpoint of catalyst morphology, using Fe as the catalyst. After the H 2 pretreatment, significant catalyst particle sintering was observed and resulted in a broad size distribution of catalyst particles. The diameter of CNTs was governed by the catalyst particle size. The diameter of CNTs thus increased as the H 2 plasma pretreated time increased. The CNT diameters were distributed in the range approximately 10–20 nm when Fe-deposited substrate was not pretreated. However, the diameter of CNTs increased from 30 to 300 nm when Fe-deposited substrate was pretreated from 1 to 15 min. The CNT growth model in catalysts, as a function of a gas environment of CH 4–CO 2 gas mixture, was investigated.