Abstract
Fast pyrolysis of poplar wood followed with catalytic cracking of the pyrolysis vapors was performed using analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The catalysts applied in this study were nano MgO, CaO, TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO and ZnO. These catalysts displayed different catalytic capabilities towards the pyrolytic products. The catalysis by CaO significantly reduced the levels of phenols and anhydrosugars, and eliminated the acids, while it increased the formation of cyclopentanones, hydrocarbons and several light compounds. ZnO was a mild catalyst, as it only slightly altered the pyrolytic products. The other four catalysts all decreased the linear aldehydes dramatically, while the increased the ketones and cyclopentanones. They also reduced the anhydrosugars, except for NiO. Moreover, the catalysis by Fe2O3 resulted in the formation of various hydrocarbons. However, none of these catalysts except CaO were able to greatly reduce the acids.
Highlights
Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most promising technologies to utilize renewable biomass resources, and has attracted extensive interest in recent years
Biomass fast pyrolysis vapors were composed of volatile compounds and non-volatile oligomers
Six nano metal oxides were employed for studying the catalytic cracking of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors through analytical Py-GC/MS experiments
Summary
Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most promising technologies to utilize renewable biomass resources, and has attracted extensive interest in recent years. Traditional zeolites (such as HZSM-5, HY, etc.) have been widely studied They were effective to convert the highly oxygenated compounds to hydrocarbons, but many problems were encountered, such as fast deactivation of the catalysts by coke deposition, low organic liquid yield and the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [6,7]. Nano metal oxides have attracted extensive attention in various catalytic processes due to their unique properties, but they are not widely used in catalytic treatment of biomass fast pyrolysis vapors. Six nano metal oxides were used as catalysts to test whether they had the capability to upgrade the fuel properties of bio-oil or maximize the formation of some valuable chemicals. The catalytic and non-catalytic products were compared to reveal the catalytic capabilities of these catalysts
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