Catalytic Process Development for Renewable Materials

Abstract

THE NEXT FEEDSTOCK TRANSITION PREFACE THE INDUSTRIAL PLAYING FIELD FOR THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO RENEWABLE FUELS AND CHEMICALS Introduction The Renewables Arena Renewable Fuels Renewable Chemicals Conclusions SELECTING TARGETS Introduction Target Selection Can Focus on Specific Structures or General Technologies Previous Selection Efforts Corroboration of the Value of Screening Studies The Importance of Outcomes and Comparisons of Outcomes Evaluation Processes Can be Comprised of a Variety of Criteria Catalysis Aspects Conclusions THE DEVELOPMENT OF CATALYTIC PROCESSES FROM TERPENES TO CHEMICALS Introduction Strain Engineering for the Production of Terpenes Terpene Building Blocks of Commercial Interest Sesquiterpenes as Chemical Building Blocks: ss-Farnesene Polymers Lubricants Conclusions FURAN-BASED BUILDING BLOCKS FROM CARBOHYDRATES Importance of Furans as Building Blocks Sources of Carbohydrates Carbohydrate Dehydration Conclusions and Further Perspectives A WORKFLOW FOR PROCESS DESIGN - USING PARALLEL REACTOR EQUIPMENT BEYOND SCREENING Introduction The Evolution of Parallel Reactor Equipment The Evolution of Research Methodology - Conceptual Process Design Essential Workflow Elements Other Examples of Parallel Reactor Equipment Applied Beyond Screening - Long-Term Catalyst Performance Concluding Remarks BRASKEM'S ETHANOL TO POLYETHYLENE PROCESS DEVELOPMENT Introduction Ethanol and Brazil Commercial Plants for Ethanol Dehydration Legislation and Certification Process Description Polymerization Conclusion FATS AND OILS AS RAW MATERIAL FOR THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY Introduction - Setting the Scene, Definitions Why Fats and Oils Need Catalytic Transformation Catalytic Process Development - Conceptual Fatty Alcohols: Then and Now, a Case Study Conclusion and Outlook: Development Challenges for the Future PRODUCTION OF AROMATIC CHEMICALS FROM BIOBASED FEEDSTOCK Introduction Chemical Routes to Aromatic Chemicals from Biomass Biological Routes to Specific Aromatic Chemicals Lignin - The Last Frontier Considerations for Scale-Up and Commercialization Conclusion ORGANOSOLV BIOREFI NING: CREATING HIGHER VALUE FROM BIOMASS Introduction Concepts and Principles of Biorefinery Technologies Catalytic Processes Employed in Biorefining An Organosolv Biorefinery Process for High-Value Products Conclusions BIOMASS-TO-LIQUIDS BY THE FISCHER - TROPSCH PROCESS Basics of Fischer - Tropsch Chemistry and BTL Cobalt Fischer - Tropsch Catalysis Fischer - Tropsch Reactors Biomass Pretreatment and Gasification Biomass-to-Liquids Process Concepts BTL Pilot and Demonstration Plants XTL Energy and Carbon Efficiencies BTL Summary and Outlook CATALYTIC TRANSFORMATION OF EXTRACTIVES Introduction Fine and Special Chemicals from Crude Tall Oil Compounds Fine and Special Chemicals from Turpentine Compounds Conclusions Acknowledgment ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF NOVEL CATALYTIC PROCESSES BASED ON RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS - CASE STUDY FOR FURANICS Introduction Energy Savings by Catalytic Processes LCA Methodology Case Study: Energy Analysis and GHG Balance of Polyethylene Furandicarboxylate (PEF) as a Potential Replacement for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Discussion and Conclusions CARBON DIOXIDE: A VALUABLE SOURCE OF CARBON FOR CHEMICALS, FUELS AND MATERIALS Introduction The Conditions for Industrial Use of CO2 Carbon Dioxide Conversion Energy Products from CO2 Production of Inorganic Carbonates Enhanced Fixation of CO2 into Aquatic Biomass Conclusion and Future Outlook INDEX