Abstract
Herein, we reported the utilization of pre-formed Au–Pt nanoparticles deposited on phosphorus functionalized carbons as effective catalysts for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Au–Pt nanoparticles have been prepared by a two-step methodology using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as protective agent and a combination of NaBH4 and H2 as reducing agents. Three carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with different graphitization degrees have been functionalized through treatment with an H3PO4–HNO3 mixture at 150 °C, in order to incorporate P groups on carbon surface. Surface and structural properties of the synthesized functionalized materials have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The structural and surface properties of carbon nanofibers determine the amount of P-functionalities, which is a key parameter affecting the catalytic performances of Au–Pt. Indeed, the highest activity and stability has been achieved for Au–Pt deposited on the sample, which showed the largest amount of P-groups on the surface.
Highlights
Carbon materials have attracted a lot of attention in heterogeneous catalysis because of their low cost and good chemical and mechanical stability [1,2,3,4]
We have previously shown that the surface chemistry of
Raman analysis has shown that the functionalization has a different impact on the resulting graphitization degree on the three different carbon nanofibers (CNFs)
Summary
Carbon materials have attracted a lot of attention in heterogeneous catalysis because of their low cost and good chemical and mechanical stability [1,2,3,4]. The utilization of carbon materials as catalyst supports for metal nanoparticles requires precise control over the surface chemistry in particular. This factor can strongly influence the metal active phase dispersion and electronic properties, which influence the overall catalytic performance [1,5]. Several studies have shown that the introduction of oxygen and nitrogen groups can modify the acid/base properties of carbon materials, and improve the metal dispersion, increase the stability, and modify the electronic properties of the metal nanoparticles [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Beside O and N-doped carbon, recently, the effect of the introduction of P-groups on carbon surface has been an object of study in electrocatalysis [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], acetylene
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