Catalytic performance of Cu(II)-supported graphene quantum dots modified NiFe2O4 as a proficient nano-catalyst in the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles

Abstract

NiFe2O4 nanoparticles are modified by graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and utilized to stabilize the Cu(II) nanoparticles as a novel magnetically retrievable catalytic system (Cu(II)/GQDs/NiFe2O4) for green formation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by means of alkyne–aryl azide cycloaddition. The prepared catalyst can be isolated assisted by an outer magnet and recovered for five courses without significant reduction in its efficiency. The as-prepared magnetic heterogeneous nanocomposite was characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDS, VSM, TEM, and ICP. Performing the reactions in environmentally friendly and affordable conditions (water), the low catalyst percentage, high yield of products, short reaction times, and easy workup are the merits of this protocol.