Abstract
Prebiotics are the non-digestible carbohydrate, which passes through the small intestine into unmetabolized form, reaches the large intestine and undergoes fermentation by the colonic bacteria thus; prebiotics stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. Further, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) is an enzyme that catalyses the deconjugation of bile salt, so it has enormous potential toward utilizing such capability of Lactobacillus plantarum RYPR1 toward detoxifying through BSH enzyme activity. In the present study, six isolates of Lactobacillus were evaluated for the co-aggregation assay and the isolate Lactobacillus plantarum RYPR1 was further selected for studies of prebiotic utilization, catalytic interactions and molecular docking. The prebiotic utilization ability was assessed by using commercially available prebiotics lactulose, inulin, xylitol, raffinose, and oligofructose P95. The results obtained revealed that RYPR1 is able to utilize these probiotics, maximum with lactulose by showing an increase in viable cell count (7.33 ± 0.02 to 8.18 ± 0.08). In addition, the molecular docking of BSH from Lactobacillus plantarum RYPR1 was performed which revealed the binding energy –4.42 and 7.03 KJ/mol. This proves a considerably good interactions among BSH and its substrates like Taurocholic acid (–4.42 KJ/mol) and Glycocholic acid (–7.03 KJ/mol). These results from this study establishes that Lactobacillus plantarum RYPR1 possesses good probiotic effects so it could be used for such applications. Further, molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze the dynamic stability of the of modeled protein to stabilize it for further protein ligand docking and it was observed that residues Asn12, Ile8, and Leu6 were interacting among BSH and its substrates, i.e., Taurocholic acid and Lys88 and Asp126 were interacting with Glycocholic acid. These residues were interacting when the docking was carried out with stabilized BSH protein structure, thus, these residues may have a vital role in stabilizing the binding of the ligands with the protein.
Highlights
Probiotics are live microbial food supplements which, when administrated in adequate amounts, exerts various health benefits to consumers (Vinderola et al, 2008)
Isolate L. plantarum RYPR1 showed good probiotic potential and it was selected for further studies
The Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) enzyme from L. plantarum was docked with Taurocholic acid and Glycocholic acid and the results revealed that Glycocholic acid showed the least binding energy (–7.03 KJ/mol) followed by Taurocholic acid (–4.42 KJ/mol)
Summary
Probiotics are live microbial food supplements which, when administrated in adequate amounts, exerts various health benefits to consumers (Vinderola et al, 2008). Probiotics is a promising field in dairy and food industry with tremendous growth potential (Mitropoulou et al, 2013). These bacteria exert various health benefits to the host, such as immunomodulation, lipid and cholesterol reduction, anticancer, antimicrobial, antiallergic, antioxidative properties, prevention of gastrointestinal infections, improvement of lactose metabolism, etc. Probiotics produce diverse inhibitory substances (organic acids, antimicrobial substances, exoploysaccharides, bacteriocins etc.) which depress growth of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut (Pessione, 2012; Maldonado et al, 2015; Yadav and Shukla, 2015). The co-aggregation study of probiotic bacteria with pathogens helps in evaluating the pathogen interaction with bacteria which prevents pathogen colonization in the gut (Gupta and Malik, 2007). There are many reports on molecular docking of enzymes, which gives good insights of various protein interactions and their effective binding patterns (Singh and Shukla, 2011, 2014; Singh et al, 2011, 2016; Karthik et al, 2012; Baweja et al, 2015, 2016)
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