Abstract
In this paper, catalytic hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil’s model molecules (acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural) using Ni 2 P/HZSM-5 catalyst was carried out to better identify the products and make the modeling work of HDO process more reliable. Results showed that low temperatures favored the formation of acetaldehyde and acetone during acetic acid HDO, but disfavored the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Acetone was produced via the self-ketonization reaction of acetic acid. In most cases of 4-ethylguaiacol HDO, phenol, cresol, and 2, 4-dimethylphenol were the primary products. For furfural HDO, the major furan and CO products proved that the direct decarbonylation of furfural was the main reaction. Accordingly, the main pathways of acetic acid, 4-ethylguaiacol, and furfural HDO were proposed, which could provide significant guidance for the upgrading of crude bio-oil.
Highlights
Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass contains abundantly soluble and oxygenated organics such as carboxylic acids, guaiacols and aldehydes etc. [1,2,3,4], which result in strong acidity, high viscosity, low calorific value and complex composition of biooil [5,6,7,8]
At 400 °C, a significant increase of the conversion rate (84%) and degree of deoxygenation (DOD) (51%) under 3.0 MPa was obtained compared to 0.5 MPa, demonstrating that pressure had a greater effect on the conversion rate and DOD than temperature
The results showed that the reaction temperature has a pronounced effect on the conversion rate and DOD of acetic acid and furfural using 5% Ni2P/HZSM-5 catalyst
Summary
Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass contains abundantly soluble and oxygenated organics such as carboxylic acids, guaiacols and aldehydes etc. [1,2,3,4], which result in strong acidity, high viscosity, low calorific value and complex composition of biooil [5,6,7,8]. [1,2,3,4], which result in strong acidity, high viscosity, low calorific value and complex composition of biooil [5,6,7,8]. For this reason, bio-oil needs to be upgraded (via esterification, aldol condensation, ketonization, cracking, and hydro-deoxygenation (HDO)) before it can be commercially applied [9]. HDO studies of carboxylic acids, guaiacols and aldehydes are mainly focused on nickel catalysts with acid solids, but fewer works use nickel phosphide catalysts with acidic supports. The deoxygenation mechanism indicated hexadecanal and 1-hexadecanol were the initial products and undergo decarbonylation to produce n-pentadecane and CO
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