Catalytic flow-injection determination of copper at nanogram levels by using color formation of N-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine with m-phenylenediamine in the presence of pyridine and ammonia as activators

Abstract

A spectrophotometric flow-injection method for determining copper(II) has been developed. It is based on the catalytic effect of copper(II) on the oxidative coupling of N-phenyl- p-phenylenediamine with m-phenylenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Pyridine and ammonia as activators increased the absorbance for the copper(II)-catalyzed coloration, and the dye formed was stabilized by adding a non-ionic surfactant. The working range of the method was 0.1–2.0 ng ml −1 of cooper(II) with a relative standard deviation 2.4% at a sampling rate of 30 h −1. Interference from iron(III) was effectively suppressed by citric acid. Copper in natural water samples can be determined easily.