Abstract
The catalytic cracking characteristics of a bio-oil molecular distillation fraction using HZSM-5 were investigated. Properties of upgraded products and formation mechanism for gasoline components were discussed. The cracking products included 56.00wt.% upgraded liquid oil, 1.27wt.% coke and 42.73wt.% gas products. The conversion yield for components in bio-oil fraction was influenced by their cracking reactivity and their concentration. The cracking reactivity of phenols was strongly affected by the connected functional groups. Alkyl groups had a positive influence on phenols reactivity, while methoxy groups had a negative influence. Reactivity of typical phenols in bio-oil fraction followed the order: Phenol, 4-methyl-> Phenol, 4-ethyl-2methoxy->Phenol> Phenol, 2-methoxy-. Expected gasoline components including ethylbenzene, p-xylene and benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methyl were detected in the upgraded liquid oil, which indicates liquid hydrocarbon fuels can be produced from bio-oil. A two-step reaction mechanism was proposed which successfully explains the formation routes for gasoline components. In the first step, dehydration and decarbonylation reactions generate H2O, CO and CO2. The cracking reaction produces free radicals including -CH3, -CH2and -H. In the second step, these free radicals form gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons.
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