Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is a promising renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuels since it can solve several environmental and economic issues. However, the widespread usage of H2 is constrained by its storage and safety issues. Many researchers consider solid materials with an excellent capacity for H2 storage and generation as the solution for most H2-related issues. Among solid materials, ammonia borane (abbreviated hereafter as AB) is considered one of the best hydrogen storage materials due to its extraordinary H2 content and small density. However, the process must be conducted in the presence of efficient catalysts to obtain a reasonable amount of generated H2. Electrospun nanofibrous catalysts are a new class of efficient catalysts that involves the usage of polymers. Here, a comprehensive review of the ceramic-supported electrospun NF catalysts for AB hydrolysis is presented, with a special focus on catalytic and photolytic performance and preparation steps. Photocatalytic AB hydrolysis was discussed in detail due to its importance and promising results. AB photocatalytic hydrolysis mechanisms under light were also explained. Electrospun catalysts show excellent activity for AB hydrolysis with good recyclability. Kinetics studies show that the AB hydrolysis reaction is independent of AB concentration and the first-order reaction of NF catalysts.
Highlights
It is obvious that anatase is the best TiO2 form for photocatalysis since it provides a balance between crystallinity and surface area, leading to high photocatalytic activities
Photocatalysts made of photolytic semiconductors such as TiO2 and Cadmium sulfide (CdS) supported on C substrates are of great interest
The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 toward Ammonia Borane (AB) hydrolysis was tested under visible light radiation using a mercury lamp
Summary
Due to the negative environmental impact and the limitations of fossil fuels, many countries are putting considerable efforts into the scientific research and development of renewable energy. H2 storage materials should have a small volume, small mass, and high hydrogen content These solid materials encounter a phase change by the appropriate process (heating, reaction, etc.) to produce hydrogen gas. An efficient and low-cost catalyst is needed to catalyze the AB hydrolysis process under moderate conditions for it to be useful in real applications. Noble metals such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), ruthenium (Ru), and rhodium (Rh) have been used to speed up the reaction due to their exceptional activity, stability, and durability. Their high cost limits their practical applications. The stable structure of the nanofibrous membrane ensures a consistent and predictable reaction rate and poses minimum issues of the agglomeration of the catalytic material [10]
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