Catalytic abatement of NO x: Chemical and mechanistic aspects

Abstract

The chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by ammonia and by methane have been investigated. In the classical NH 3-SCR process, operating near 600 K over vanadia-titania based catalysts, ammonia is activated by coordination over Lewis acid sites and reacts with gas phase or weakly adsorbed NO. The same mechanism occurs for the low-temperature (400–500 K) NH 3-SCR over Mn and Fe based catalysts. On the contrary, low-temperature NH 3-SCR over protonic zeolites implies the activation of ammonia as ammonium ions and the previous oxidation of part of NO to NO 2. The CH 4-SCR over Co-zeolite catalysts is supposed to imply the activation of NO x in the form of an adsorbed oxidized species, that reacts with the reductant, CH 4, from the gas phase or activated by adsorption into the zeolite channels. The other catalytic denoxing technologies, like the NO decomposition over Cu-zeolite based catalysts, the N 2O decomposition over noble or transition metal based catalysts, the storage-reduction on Ba-aluminate based catalysts and the reduction by CO over noble metal based three way catalysts, imply a strong adsorption and activation of NO x over the surface, although activation of hydrocarbons and CO over the noble metals can also be helpful in the last two cases.