Catalysts for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acid compounds

Abstract

A linear triamine, N,N,N′,N′,N′'-pentamethyl diethylene triamine, and its quaternary cations were used as directing agents in a series of zeolite syntheses. A number of reactions led to zeolites that are not template specific, e.g., mordenite, ZSM-5, and ZSM-48. The formation of the clathrate ZSM-39, however, was surprising because of the size restrictions of the ZSM-39 cage. n.m.r. studies of the organic component present in these products showed tetramethylammonium and trimethylammonium cations. Similar reactions under milder conditions led to the formation of ZSM-51, which is also a clathrate structure. The decomposition products of the directing agent in the latter were larger and more complex. In contrast to previous studies in which the diquaternary cations were found to remain intact in the zeolite framework, the present organic system is found to decompose into smaller species, which are in turn encapsulated in the zeolite cavities.