Catalyst-proximal plastrons enhance activity and selectivity of carbon dioxide electroreduction

Abstract

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) is an attractive approach toward converting CO2 to solar fuels. Novel catalyst chemistries and morphologies may provide high selectivity to both one-carbon (C1) and two-carbon (C2) products over hydrogen; however, the limited aqueous solubility of CO2 restricts the CO2RR current density. Here, we demonstrate how gasphilic bubble-trap surfaces enhance mass transfer and enrich and maintain CO2 concentration during CO2RR by forming a catalyst-proximal plastron layer, consequently increasing the CO2RR activity on both smooth and nanostructured copper as compared to the conventional headspace or bubbling modes of CO2 delivery. The H2 Faradaic efficiency is suppressed from 33% to 13% on smooth copper and from 62% to 33% on nanostructured copper, accompanied by enhanced formation of C2+ products, including ethylene, propanol, and ethanol, and >1% acetone and acetate. We highlight the importance of the catalyst-proximal plastron approach by comparing against recent aqueous-phase CO2RR studies.