Abstract
The effects of catalyst and feedstock properties, process conditions and reactor type on deactivation of a catalyst used in hydrotreating heavy petroleum and synthetic fossil crudes are reviewed. An attempt is made to summarize the general facts. Similarities are observed in deactivation behavior (e.g. time and position-dependent foulant concentration, intra-particle foulant deposition profiles, loss of physical and catalytic properties) of catalysts used for processing various feedstocks. Although foulant (coke and metals) deposition seems to be the primary cause of catalyst deactivation, process conditions, reactor staging/feed pretreatment play an important role in determining catalyst life.
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