Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global threat to human health and the economy. Society needs inexpensive, fast, and accurate quantitative diagnostic tools. Here, we report a new approach using a solid-state biosensor to measure antibodies, which does not require functionalization, unlike conventional biosensors. A nanostructured semiconductor surface with catalytic properties was used as a transducer for rapid immobilization and measurement of the antibody. The transducer response was based on solid-state electronics properties. The changes on the surface of the semiconductor induced changes in the direct current (DC) surface resistivity. This was a result of a catalytic chemical reaction on that surface. This new low-cost approach reduced the response time of the measurement significantly, and it required only a very small amount of sample on the microliter scale.
Highlights
Antibodies play an important role in neutralizing viruses and providing immunity.Tests for antibodies are indirect approaches for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases.In most individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), antibodies can be detected within 10–15 days post-onset of symptom (POS) [1,2,3,4].The expression level of antibodies in saliva and blood depends on the onset of the infection and the severity of the disease [5,6,7]
The peaks observed at 163.3 and 163.5 eV are assigned to thiol bonds that are not bound to metals. This suggests that some antibodies are directly bound to the Sn on the surface after thiol formation via the reaction we proposed on the surface
Our results demonstrate a solid-state electro-sensing technique that begins with catalytic reactions on the surface
Summary
Antibodies play an important role in neutralizing viruses and providing immunity.Tests for antibodies are indirect approaches for rapid diagnosis of infectious diseases.In most individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), antibodies can be detected within 10–15 days post-onset of symptom (POS) [1,2,3,4].The expression level of antibodies in saliva and blood depends on the onset of the infection and the severity of the disease [5,6,7]. Antibodies play an important role in neutralizing viruses and providing immunity. In most individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), antibodies can be detected within 10–15 days post-onset of symptom (POS) [1,2,3,4]. The expression level of antibodies in saliva and blood depends on the onset of the infection and the severity of the disease [5,6,7]. Investigating the kinetics of the antibody production during different stages of immunization helps determine the efficacy of different treatments and increase the pace and credibility of vaccines’ development [11,12]. It is important to measure antibodies for the diagnosis of the infection as well as to provide decision-makers with the data to fight the disease
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