Abstract
Castrate resistant metastatic prostate cancer remains a fatal disease. Through preclinical studies and clinical trials, a multitude of options have been made available to prolong the life of these patients, as well as improve quality of life. First line treatment options following tumor progression after androgen deprivation therapy include Provenge and docetaxel. Several options are available as second line treatment, including cabazitaxel, abiraterone, and enzalutamide. Many drugs currently being studied are very promising, such as alpharadin. Here we review treatment options for patients suffering from disease progression after androgen deprivation therapy, and offer a review of the current available options for the clinician.
Highlights
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for men in the US with approximately 200,000 new cases diagnosed yearly [1]
Androgen-deprivation therapies typically result in significant Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) responses, most patients develop a progressive castration-resistant disease
The ongoing phase II and phase III trials for first and second-line chemotherapy agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) were reviewed from the US National Institute of Health’s web resource and clinicaltrials.gov, which is a registry of clinical trials conducted in the United States and worldwide
Summary
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer for men in the US with approximately 200,000 new cases diagnosed yearly [1]. It is the second leading cause of cancer deaths accounting for 28,471 deaths [2]. Initial standard treatment for metastatic prostate cancer is androgen-deprivation therapy, either through medical or surgical castration. Androgen-deprivation therapies typically result in significant Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) responses, most patients develop a progressive castration-resistant disease. This is defined as disease progression despite therapy and may include increasing PSA, new clinical metastasis, or progression of existing metastasis. It may present as fatigue, bone pain, malaise, or a myriad of other nonspecific symptoms
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