Abstract
The south region is the only area in Brazil that does not present autochthonous cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), however, in the state of Paraná, dogs and humans have been found showing a VL compatible clinical profile. In view of this problem, the present work aimed at isolating and identifying the parasite and determining the cases autochthony. All animals clinically suspect of VL were clinically evaluated, and had samples of their blood collected for hemoculture (NNN culture medium), serology, PCR and RAPD-PCR, hemogram, and biochemical assays. The dogs presenting VL clinical profile had their lymph nodes and/or bone marrow punctured and their content inoculated in NNN culture medium. The protozoan isolated was identified by PCR and PCR-RAPD. Strains of Leishmania were isolated in 19 out of the 24 studied animals. Fourteen isolates were identified as L. (Leishmania) infantum, and five were L. (Viannia) braziliensis. In the epidemiological analysis, it was possible to determine that all dogs with L. (L.) infantum being allochthonous cases. Leishmaniasis is a zoonose that has the domestic dog as reservoir, the migration of such animals can disseminate the parasite to other regions, provided the agent finds an adequate ecotope and a specific vector (Lutzomyia longipalpis).
Highlights
A doença é considerada uma das seis doenças mais importantes causadas por protozoários no mundo (WHO, 2001)
Atualmente, no Sudeste e Centro-oeste, a doença está ocorrendo em regiões urbanas ou periurbanas, mostrando assim a urbanização da leishmaniose visceral (LV) (SILVA et al, 2001; GONTIJO; MELO, 2004; BORASCHI; NUNES, 2007)
Na Região Sul, não ocorrem casos autóctones de LV por não ser observado vetor espécie específico
Summary
Dos animais submetidos ao exame clínico, foram colhidos 5 mL de sangue, sendo 2 mL com anticoagulante (EDTA) para realização de hemocultura, (DEREURE et al, 1998), reação em Cadeia da Polimerase – PCR (LACHAUD et al, 2002) e hemograma (GARCIA-NAVARRO; PACHALY, 1994); e os outros 3 mL foram colhidos sem anticoagulante para separação do soro e pesquisa de anticorpos (reação de imunofluorescência indireta – RIFI e ensaio imunoenzemático – ELISA); avaliação das funções hepática e renal pelas dosagens ALT - PP (ANALISA) e método cinético UV; FA - ACP - 405 (WEINER LAB.) método cinético otimizado - 405 nm; creatinina K (LAB TEST) método cinético otimizado e Uréia CE (LAB TEST) método enzimático colorimético.
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