Cashew Gum Polysaccharide Nanoparticles Grafted with Polypropylene Glycol as Carriers for Diclofenac Sodium.

Cassio Nazareno Silva Da Silva,Kátia Flávia Fernandes,Luciano Morais Lião,Maria Carolina Bezerra Di-Medeiros,Karla De Aleluia Batista

doi:10.3390/ma14092115

Cassio Nazareno Silva Da Silva, Kátia Flávia Fernandes + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092115

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Abstract

This investigation focuses on the development and optimization of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) nanoparticles grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) as carriers for diclofenac sodium. The optimization of parameters affecting nanoparticles formulation was performed using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). It was demonstrated that the best formulation was achieved when 10 mg of CGP was mixed with 10 μL of PPG and homogenized at 22,000 rpm for 15 min. The physicochemical characterization evidenced that diclofenac was efficiently entrapped, as increases in the thermal stability of the drug were observed. The CGP-PPG@diclofenac nanoparticles showed a globular shape, with smooth surfaces, a hydrodynamic diameter around 275 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.342, and a zeta potential of −5.98 mV. The kinetic studies evidenced that diclofenac release followed an anomalous transport mechanism, with a sustained release up to 68 h. These results indicated that CGP-PPG nanoparticles are an effective material for the loading/release of drugs with similar structures to diclofenac sodium.

Highlights

The use of nanoparticulated drug delivery systems has gained interest in the last decades due to the possibility of control the rate and period of drug delivery [1,2]
We report for the first time the use of self-assembled nanoparticles of cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) grafted with polypropylene glycol (PPG) for controlled drug release
Experimental data were submitted to regression analysis coupled with response surface methodology, and the adjustment of the data in the RSM was represented by the following second-order polynomial equation (Equation (1)): y = β0 + ∑ βjxj + ∑ βijxixi + ∑ βjjx2 + e, (1)

Summary

Introduction

The use of nanoparticulated drug delivery systems has gained interest in the last decades due to the possibility of control the rate and period of drug delivery [1,2]. The possibility of preparation of polymeric nanoparticles using the self-assembly methodology is quite interesting since it comprises a cost-effective and versatile process for the production of stable and robust structures [7,8]. In this context, cashew gum polysaccharide (CGP) stands out as a promising polymer to be used as a drug nanocarrier due to its nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, representing a self-renewable biobased source [9,10]. Its main constituents are glucose, rhamnose, arabinose, and glucuronic acids [11,12]

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