Abstract
Background: One of the most common co-morbidities, that often leads to death, associated with acute pancreatitis (AP) is represented by acute lung injury (ALI). While many aspects of AP-induced lung inflammation have been investigated, the involvement of specific pathways, such as those centered on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), has not been fully elucidated. Methods: To investigate the effect of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nuts on pancreatic and lung injury induced by cerulein injection, cerulein (50 μg/kg) was administered to CD1 mice for 10 h. Oral treatment with cashew nuts at a dose of 100 mg/kg was given 30 min and 2 h after the first cerulein injection. One hour after the final cerulein injection, mice were euthanized and blood, lung and pancreatic tissue samples were collected. Results: Cashew nuts were able to (1) reduce histological damage; (2) mitigate the induction of mast cell degranulation as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde; (3) decrease the activity levels of amylase and lipase as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; and (4) enhance the activation of the Nrf2 pathway and suppress the activation of the NLRP3 pathway in response to cerulein in both pancreas and lung. Conclusions: Cashew nuts could have a beneficial effect not only on pancreatitis but also on lung injury induced by cerulein.
Highlights
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a multifactorial disease, with a mortality rate that can be as high as15–20%; it initiates in the pancreas in response to an inflammatory event and leads to deleterious local and systemic effects [1,2].Antioxidants 2020, 9, 992; doi:10.3390/antiox9100992 www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidantsIn particular, among the various organs that can be involved in the systemic inflammatory processes during pancreatitis, acute lung injury (ALI) is the most recurring severe complication and is the major cause of death in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) [3,4]
Cerulein-induced AP is accompanied by tissue oedema in both the pancreas and the lung, which was quantified by determining the water content of the tissue
We demonstrated that cashew nuts treatment, was able to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in different in vivo models, such as dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis
Summary
Among the various organs that can be involved in the systemic inflammatory processes during pancreatitis, acute lung injury (ALI) is the most recurring severe complication and is the major cause of death in patients with AP [3,4]. Given the multiple pathogenic mechanisms involved in AP and the associated systemic inflammatory reaction, one potentially useful approach is the identification of natural products with multiple modes of action, such as modulation of enzyme activities, suppression of inflammatory pathways, scavenging of free radicals, etc. While many aspects of AP-induced lung inflammation have been investigated, the involvement of specific pathways, such as those centered on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), has not been fully elucidated
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
