Abstract
Cash-based interventions (CBIs) as one form of aid have recently received substantial interest from humanitarian organizations in persistent humanitarian crises. This article proposes a system dynamics (SD) approach to study the CBIs’ impact factors on all aspects of the beneficiaries’ dignity in longstanding refugee crises, such as the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. Reviewing the humanitarian management literature, we first develop a set of holistic causal loops to better understand the building boxes of refugees’ dignity and their interactions. Then, an SD model is proposed and calibrated by field data from humanitarian organizations. The result of CBI amount sensitivity and payment time periods shows that CBIs are significantly more effective in diminishing child labor rates and to improve in health and accommodation service reception by the refugees in short terms, but to be as much effective in longer terms, humanitarian organizations must be more directly contribute to service capacity-building activities that are strategies by the hosting governments and supported by the international bodies, such as EU and UN. Otherwise, long-term or enhanced CBI supports can only lead to accelerated service capacity saturation and thus put extra pressure on already strained services and cause tensions between hosting and refugee communities.
Highlights
Cash-based interventions (CBIs) as one form of aid have recently received substantial interest from humanitarian organizations in persistent humanitarian crises
To study the impact of different levels of CBI paid to beneficiaries on the impact factors, we have examined a ±100% CBI variation and the results are illustrated in Fig. 8 of Appendix B in which different colors corresponding to each confidence level
All stocks except the number of employed refugees are sensitive to the changes in the CBI level where the trends of the variables change with almost a linear multiplier offset for each factor
Summary
SD is a simulation methodology, initially developed by J. SD tools are required to build macromodels and are specified by differential equations [37] Such simulation models can be used as powerful decision support systems, due to their high ability to generate detailed components and their complex relations to assess the various alternatives [38]. The methodology represented an opportunity to model different phenomena in humanitarian aid to support managers in designing more effective policy interventions in the long run. CLDs are essential tools and visual qualitative models for interpreting the feedback structure of systems by employing feedback loops to show links between the variables that define a system [46] They have long been employed in academic studies and frequently applied in organizations to quickly capture assumptions about the causes of dynamics [34]. ALLAHI et al.: CBIs TO ENHANCE DIGNITY IN PERSISTENT HUMANITARIAN REFUGEE CRISES: A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH between the variables can be further simulated via the model to evaluate and enhance the perception of this complex system
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