Abstract
Acid suppressants are widely-used classes of medications linked to increased risks of aerodigestive infections. Prior studies of these medications as potentially reversible risk factors for COVID-19 have been conflicting. We aimed to determine the impact of chronic acid suppression use on COVID-19 infection risk while simultaneously evaluating the influence of social determinants of health to validate known and discover novel risk factors. We assessed the association of chronic acid suppression with incident COVID-19 in a 1:1 case–control study of 900 patients tested across three academic medical centers in California, USA. Medical comorbidities and history of chronic acid suppression use were manually extracted from health records by physicians following a pre-specified protocol. Socio-behavioral factors by geomapping publicly-available data to patient zip codes were incorporated. We identified no evidence to support an association between chronic acid suppression and COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.92–1.17, P = 0.515). However, several medical and social features were positive (Latinx ethnicity, BMI ≥ 30, dementia, public transportation use, month of the pandemic) and negative (female sex, concurrent solid tumor, alcohol use disorder) predictors of new infection. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating publicly-available databases with medical data to identify critical features of communicable diseases.
Highlights
Acid suppressants are widely-used classes of medications linked to increased risks of aerodigestive infections
Current medical literature has focused on the identification and quantification of medical-related risk factors, there is a paucity of data on how socioeconomic and behavioral influences on infection risk compare to conventional medical factors[2,3,4,5,6,7]
Most individuals were calculated to have a low Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; 0–2) and were not obese based on body mass index (BMI)
Summary
Acid suppressants are widely-used classes of medications linked to increased risks of aerodigestive infections Prior studies of these medications as potentially reversible risk factors for COVID19 have been conflicting. Several medical and social features were positive (Latinx ethnicity, BMI ≥ 30, dementia, public transportation use, month of the pandemic) and negative (female sex, concurrent solid tumor, alcohol use disorder) predictors of new infection These findings demonstrate the value of integrating publicly-available databases with medical data to identify critical features of communicable diseases. We sought to investigate if there is an association between chronic acid suppression and SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients seen at three urban health systems in California while accounting for concomitant social determinants of health
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