Abstract
Casein kinase 1 is a group of ubiquitous serine/threonine kinases that are involved in normal cellular functions and several pathological conditions, such as DNA repair, cell cycle progression, cytokinesis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have indicated that casein kinase 1-epsilon (CK1ɛ) and casein kinase 1-delta (CK1δ) expression has a role in human cancers. We investigated the associations between CK1ɛ and CK1δ expression and the clinical parameters of oral cancer using immunohistochemical study methods on oral squamous cell carcinoma specimens. The results of our immunohistochemical analysis showed that the loss of CK1ɛ expression was greatly associated with a poor four-year survival rate in oral cancer patients (p = 0.002). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients who had a loss of CK1ɛ expression had a considerably poorer overall survival rate than patients who had positive CK1ɛ expressions (p = 0.022). A univariate analysis revealed that patients who had a loss of CK1ɛ expression had considerably poorer overall survival (OS) than patients who had positive expression (p = 0.024, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7). In conclusion, our data indicated that the loss of cytoplasmic CK1ɛ expression is greatly associated with poor survival and might be an adverse survival factor.
Highlights
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in Taiwan; it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1,2]
In the univariate Cox regression analysis, the results showed that negative cytoplasmic CK1ε expression, when adjusted for grade, tumor stage, and lymph node metastasis, retained a statistically significant association with overall survival (p = 0.024, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.7)
We discovered that a loss of cytoplasmic expression of CK1ε in oral cancer patients is significantly associated with poor overall survival
Summary
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in Taiwan; it is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [1,2]. Data that the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health collected in 2012 indicated that patients with oral cancer are more susceptible to develop a secondary cancer than most people [1]. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy remain the main treatments for OSCC patients, but the therapeutic effects remain unsatisfactory, and the treatment has a poor 5-year-survival rate [4]. A prognostic marker could be used as a therapeutic target to develop effective treatment guidelines for oral cancer. The potential role of expression levels as a prognostic biomarker in oral cancer has not been investigated. We examined the expression of CK1ε in a large collection of oral cancer tissue samples to assess if CK1ε might serve as a predictor of outcomes. To assess associations between CK1ε expression and clinicopathological parameters of oral cancer patients and the relationship to outcomes
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