Case Study on the Presentation of Financial Statements in the Communist Period and in Current Times (II)

Chapter 1 - The regulatory framework and presentation of financial statements

This study examines the factors that influence the preparation and presentation of fraudulent financial statements basing on the fraud triangle theory. The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze the influences of financial stability (asset change), external pressure, personal financial need (insider ownership), financial targets, ineffective monitoring (by audit committee), and rationalization (auditor’s opinion) on making fraudulent financial statements. The population in this study is a manufacturing company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013 to2015. Sample selection is by purposive sampling. Data used in the analysis was of 147 companies. The data analysis technique for hypothesis testing was by logistic regression analysis. Results of this research indicate that financial stability, external pressure, personal financial need, and rationalization have no significant effect on making fraudulent financial statements. Although the results of this study can not prove the factors that affect fraud in the presentation of financial statements, but companies need to be vigilant to prevent fraud in the presentation of financial statements. Companies must be able to perform early detection of the occurrence of fraudulent financial statements for the survival of the entity.

Environment and conditions for the existence of legal, social and economic politics vary between countries lent to different accounting standards as well. Financial Accounting Standards of quality is one of the essential infrastructure to realize such transparacy. Financial Accounting Standards is a frame of reference in the prosedurs relating to financial statement presentation. The existence of the Financial Accounting Standards are needed to form a common procedure in explaining how the financial statements prepared and presented. In Indonesia, the Financial Accounting Standards known as the Financial Accounting Standards (IFRSs) which is a result of the formulation of Indonesian Accounting Principals Committee in 1994, replacing the accounting principles Indonesia in 1984. Financial Accounting Standards consist of a Statement of the basic framework of the preparation and presentation of financial statements. SAk is effective starting date of January 1, 1995. As a guide the preparation and presentation of GAAP financial statement into a binding rule, so that the bias toward an understanding of the postal financial statement can be avoided. Indonesia is the case when the harmonization of GAAP toUS-GAAP to IFRS cause changes in the principles of the rules-based system to a principles-based system. IFRS (International Financial Accounting Standards) is an effort to strengthen the global financial architecture and the search for lasting solutions to the lack of transparency of financial information.

This research aims to determine the effect of educational level and understanding accounting standards of non profit financial entity on the preparation and presentation financial statements. The population in this research is all mosques that hold financial records of Bandung Regency or Bandung City. The sample of research was taken incidentally with the respondent of finance department or doing the recording of finance in mosque as much as 30 mosque. The data collected is primary data through the spread of questionnaires both online and manual. Data processing technique is done through validity test, reliability, data conversion through Succesive Interval Method and hypothesis test through multiple regression analysis either partially or simultaneously. The result of this research shows that in general the compiler and reporter of the mosque's financial statements have not understood and know the term of PSAK. The preparation and presentation of financial statements in mosque entities still use single entry system. This system only records receipts and expenses. Meanwhile, the level of education and level of understanding of PSAK significantly influences the preparation and presentation of non-profit entity financial statements. This influence can be proved by the significance value of both variables that is 0.003 and 0.011.�Keyword : Financial statements of nonprofit entities, PSAK.

Financial statements are financial records of an entity or company in an accounting period. Financial statements are used to measure the performance of small businesses and as a basis for making business decisions. This study aims to examine the side of the internal influence of small businesses, namely perceptions of usability and perceptions of ease of use, and test the effect of business measures in moderating the effect of independent variables on dependent variables. This research is survey research. This study uses the Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis method. Hypothesis testing uses the SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results of the study indicate that perceived usefulness has a significant positive effect on the presentation of financial statements, business measures reinforce the influence of perceived usefulness in the presentation of financial statements. While the perception of ease of use does not have a significant effect on the presentation of financial statements, and business size is not able to strengthen the influence of perceptions of ease of use on the presentation of financial statements. The suggestion for the next researcher is to add independent variables.Keywords: Perception of Use; Ease of Use; Presentation of Financial Statements

This study investigates the implementation of SFAS 112 in the financial statements of the Assyifa Waqf agency in Subang Regency. Using qualitative research methods, the study aims to accurately describe the agency's financial statements using primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques include literature study, documentation, interviews, and observation. The recognition of waqf assets based on nominal and fair values, and the presentation of financial statements, including statements of financial position, activities, cash flows, and changes in assets under management, are key areas of focus. It is noted that the full implementation of SFAS112 in the Assyifa Waqf Board, particularly in terms of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial statements, has not been achieved. The findings of this study could potentially have a significant impact on the field of Islamic economics and waqf practices, providing valuable insights for future research and practice.

As the implementation of convergence to IFRS, Indonesia has fully adopted IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements per January 1, 2009 into PSAK No. 1 (2009 Revision): Presentation of Financial Statements. PSAK No. 1 (2009 Revision) revised PSAK No. 1 (1998 Revision). Major differences involve the terms used, the complete components of financial statements, the information presented on financial statements, the presentation of extraordinary items, the statements of comprehensive income, and the time to publish financial statements. Keywords:Â convergence to IFRS, PSAK No. 1 (2009 Revision): Presentation of financial statements, the differences between PSAK No. 1 (1998 Revision) and PSAK No. 1 (2009 Revision)

The performance of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah management institutions can be seen with fund accounting, namely the recording system and appearance of entities in accounting such as assets and liabilities which are grouped based on the benefits in each account. In this case, the accounting treatment of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah includes acknowledgment, recording, and presentation of financial statements of zakat, infaq, and shadaqah management institutions. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of accounting for zakat, infaq and shadaqah as well as accountability in the presentation of financial statements based on PSAK 109 and to determine the application of accountability in the presentation of financial statements at LAZIS Al-Haromain Kediri City Branch based on PSAK 101.
 This research is a descriptive qualitative research, in which the presentation and processing of data is carried out in a descriptive manner by focusing on the data obtained, but this research is not used to test hypotheses or not use hypotheses. Sources of data in this study came from primary data and secondary data. Data collection procedures by means of interviews, observation and documentation.
 The results of this study are that at the recognition and measurement stage, LAZIS Al-Haromain is not fully in accordance with PSAK 109, where LAZIS Al-Haromain has not fully determined the receipt of non-cash assets from donors using the fair value required by PSAK 109. So far, LAZIS Al-Haromain has not journalized This non-cash infaq shadaqah receipt has an impact on the balance in the components of the financial statements, including the balance sheet (statement of financial position), reports on the use of infaq funds, and notes to financial statements. And the distribution of cash infaq shadaqah so far has not been journalized because in the early stages of receipt of infaq and cash shadaqah it was not journalized so that up to the distribution stage it also could not be journalized and directly in the form of a distribution report only. And at the stage of amil's financial statements based on PSAK 109, LAZIS Al-Haromain is not fully compliant. The implementation of accountability by LAZIS Al-Haromain in the presentation of financial statements and reporting is almost in accordance with the indicators of honesty and legal accountability, process accountability, program accountability, and policy accountability and is based on PSAK 101.

The mainly funding source of NGOs come from community donations that highly dependent on the high level of accountability. However, several recent surveys show that public trust in NGOs is the lowest compared to other institutions. This shows that the accountability of NGO still needs to be improved. Based on legitimacy and stewardship theory, this study analyzes the impact of internal control systems, transparency, with restrictions fund, presentation and accessibility of financial statements on NGOs accountability of financial management. Sample of the research consisted of 97 NGOs with 120 respondents and used purposive sampling method. To collect data, a questionnaire was used which was distributed to staff and finance managers of NGOs. The results of study provide evidence that internal control systems, transparency and with restrictions fund have a positive effect, presentation of financial statements has no effect and accessibility has a negative effect on the accountability of NGO financial management. Result of this study can be used as input for efforts to increase the accountability of NGO financial management. This study also emphasizes some implications for improving accountability of NGO financial management.

The purpose of this study was to analyse the application of SAK ETAP inconjunction with the presentation of financial statements in the PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor. The analysis is perfomed to determine how financial statements of PDAM Tirta Pakuan are already in accordance with SAK ETAP. The analysis conducted in this study using a descriptive qualitative method while selected data sources are secondary data from financial statements. The selected data collection procedures are literatures and records, field research and interview. The results showed that the cooperative PDAM Tirta Pahcan Kota Bogor has been making adjustments in applying SAK ETAP in the presentation of financial statements, but still not all the adjustments in the SAK ETAP has been applied in the presentation offinancial statements consisting of a balance sheet, profit/loss, change in equity, and cash flow statements. Cooperative PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor using SAK ETAP with reporting guidelines are still largely the same as before adopting IFRS GAAP. In general, there are not many significant changes occured. In other words, there was no significant effect happens on the application of GAAP in the financial statements cooperative SAK ETAP PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor.
 Keyword : SAK ETAP, Presentation of Financial Statements

This research analyses the regulatory framework for financial reporting for entities in the Republic of Moldova, which depends on the way accounting is organized: based on national accounting standards or international accounting standards, as well as the category of the entity, which is distinct for accounting purposes versus the national legislative framework that defines the classification of small and medium-sized entities. The study uses scientific research methods such as the analysis of the regulatory framework governing the study, the synthesis of information regarding various provisions, and comparison to identify the distinctive features related to financial reporting. The study reveals that for entities organizing their accounting according to national accounting standards, three sets of financial reporting are foreseen depending on the category of the entity, the content of which is established by the National Accounting Standard (NAS) "Presentation of Financial Statements" while for entities organizing their accounting according to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), IAS 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements" contains minimum presentation requirements for information to adapt to each type of entity. Regarding the identification of the category of entities, the research examines the indicators presented by the accounting regulatory framework, versus the categories of entities defined by the Law on Small and Medium Entities.

This study is intended to determine the implementation of PSAK 101 in the presentation and preparation of financial statements at Bank BSI in Medan.PSAK 101 is a statement of financial accounting standards that regulates the basis for the presentation of financial statement records for sharia entities. This statement regulates the presentation requirements, structure and minimum requirements for the content of financial statements. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a case study approach, where data is collected through document analysis, literature study of BSI's financial statements. The results of the study show that Bank BSI Medan City has implemented most of the provisions in PSAK 101, including the presentation of financial position statements, comprehensive income statements, cash flow statements, and equity change reports in accordance with sharia principles.

This paper meticulously studies the main differences between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements focusing on the balance sheet and income statement more than the cash flow statement. A real-life case study (of a company called Hydro) approach was applied to see the effect of using on the system over the other by numbers, and how far applying one system affect the result of each financial statement, the case study shows a practical conversion of US GAAP results to IFRS and how each system lists the financial statements next to each other. There are multiple similarities between US GAAP and IFRS when it comes to the presentation of financial statements, but there are some differences that affect what financial information is presented, how it is presented, and where it is presented. For example, regarding financial statement presentation, cosmetic differences include the use of the accounting equation (A=L+SE) compared to (A-SE=L), terminology, and order of liquidity. The study is solely based on secondary data collected from different reliable sources like Ernst and Young. The findings of this research indicate that there are some notable differences between US GAAP and IFRS in financial statement presentation, but they are not significant. Finally, bringing together both systems increase the comparability of accounting practices and results to investors, greater investor desire for cross-regional investment, lower capital cost, more efficient resource allocation; And even higher economic growth not only for companies and institutions but also for government, which can be done by setting limits on how much they can vary.

As one of the important pillars of the business sector is profession must have a high moral commitment and usually all of this is stated in the form of special rules that serve as guidelines for everyone who develops the profession concerned. The object of this research is the ethics of the accountant profession in the presentation of financial statements at PT XYZ which is company engaged in the construction sector. There are several problems faced by construction entrepreneurs during the current pandemic, such as intense business competition between entrepreneurs, presentation of financial statements that must be in accordance with the target of shareholders both internal and external to the company, to unstable sales results that sometimes go up and down. , and besides that there are many internal and external factors that can affect the company's profit. From these problems, this construction company also involved manipulation of financial statements by PT XYZ. Therefore, it is necessary to have ethics and strategies in the accounting profession that will be the right solution to overcome these problems that arise. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The method used is descriptive qualitative approach with data analysis techniques, then this research results in the formulation of an effective and efficient professional ethics strategy to develop business in this construction sector. The alternative strategy formulated is the ethics of accountants in the presentation of financial statements that are appropriate and in accordance with the regulations currently in force.

This study aims to examine and explain the effect of Financial Supervision and Presentation of Financial Statements on Government Performance Conceptual Value for Money in Malang. The data analysis model used is multiple linear regression. Sampling is done by purposive sampling method, which is sampling based on certain criteria to be used as respondents in this study. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire that was distributed to employees of the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency, amounting to 46 questionnaires or (92%). Classical assumption testing includes multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test and normality test. Hypothesis testing using the F test and t test. Based on the results of data analysis research with the help of SPSS 16.00 shows that 1) There is a significant influence between Financial Supervision and Presentation of Financial Statements on Government Performance Concepts Value for Money. 2) There is a positive and significant influence between Financial Supervision on the Performance of the Government concept of Value For Money. 3) There is a positive and significant effect between the Presentation of Financial Statements on the government's performance concept of value for money.