Abstract
This paper provides a detailed examination of the energy consumption and CO2 emission associated with the construction of structural building elements in Singapore. A case study of a residential project in Singapore is conducted. It is found that the transportation of concrete from supplier distribution centre to site accounts for 82% of the total CO2 emission by main building materials transportation; the largest proportion of CO2 emission is produced by operation of crane (56%) and lower one is produced by site lighting, office operation and workers’ accommodation (20%). It is recommended that designers and contractors pay more attention to choosing lighter structural materials and using those technologies or materials with higher construction efficiency, which may be helpful for enhancement of the sustainable performance at construction sites and reduction of energy consumption and associated costs.
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