Abstract
Vocal warm-up (WU)-related changes were studied in one male musical singer and one female speech trainer. They sustained vowels before and after WU in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device. Acoustic recordings were made in a studio. The vocal tract area increased after WU, a formant cluster appeared between 2 and 4.5 kHz, and SPL increased. Evidence of larynx lowering was only found for the male. The pharyngeal inlet over the epilaryngeal outlet ratio (Aph/Ae) increased by 10%–28%, being 3–4 for the male and 5–7 for the female. The results seem to represent different voice training traditions. A singer's formant cluster may be achievable without a high Aph/Ae (≥ 6), but limitations of the 2D method should be taken into account.
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