Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide the first report of a transfusion-acquired HIV-1 infection and to verify transmission from the donor to the recipients using phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 DNA sequences in a Brazilian blood bank. Although haemovigilance procedures based on phylogenetic analysis of HIV have been reported in several countries, this type of study has yet to be conducted in Latin America. Upon identifying a HIV-1-positive repeat blood donor by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) blood screening, all recipients of the donor's previous donation were identified and tested for HIV-1 by EIA, nucleic acid amplification test and HIV-1 DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. One of the recipients tested positive for HIV-1. The phylogenetic analysis showed a high genetic similarity among the viruses, thus supporting the hypothesis of transmission from the donor to the recipient. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 DNA sequences has been a decisive tool in verifying suspected transmission of the virus from blood donor to recipient in Brazil.
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