Case report and brief review of the literature on high-grade sarcoma in the cranial vault

Abstract

High-grade cranial vault sarcoma is a rare neoplasm that affects adults between 30 and 60 years of age, with no gender predilection. Genetic factors and exposure to ionizing radiation may be associated with its development. It presents a malignant histological profile, with poorly differentiated cells, rapid growth, and aggressive local invasion. This article aims to describe in detail the case of a 22-year-old patient, with no predicted comorbidities, who suffered trauma to the frontal region of the head. After the incident, he developed persistent and daily headache, leading to imaging tests. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the skull were performed, demonstrating the sarcoma, which was promptly treated. In January 2023, the patient returned with tumor recurrence, evidencing the need for a second surgical approach. The patient was referred for chemotherapy and radiotherapy later as part of the treatment plan.