Abstract
This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
Highlights
Almost all human languages have elements to denote a relation within “strings in a sequence” (N.Chomsky 2002).These elements comprise either case markers (-iin, -d/-t, -aas, -aar, -tai, etc.) or postpositions in Mongolian, which have the same functions as prepositions do in English, as for the languages with dominant SOV and SVO orders, respectively
This paper aims to examine upon the Mongolian case markers from the syntactic point of view to denote a relation between the constituents in clauses and to encode any null constituents in order to generate some extended alternatives of the noun phrase and relative clauses
The reason is that some syntactic transformations in the non-free structured noun phrases are considerably limited in their internal structure
Summary
Almost all human languages have elements to denote a relation within “strings in a sequence” (N.Chomsky 2002). * Bid Bulgan aimag Saihan sum irsen b. * We-NOM Bulgan province -NOM Saihan sum-NOM come-PST c. If the genitive case marker (-iin) precedes Bulgan province and the ablative case marker (-aas) precedes Saihan sum are removed, the first alternative (1) turned into a non-grammatical sentence with no relation or connection between the two noun phrases. Bid Bulgan aimag-iin Saihan sum-aas irsen b. We-NOM Bulgan province -GEN Saihan sum-ABL come-PST c. We came from Saihan sum of/, Bulgan province Since these grammatical elements (–iin and –aas) do not occur in a merely single position, they play a significant role in connecting all the constituents in the sequences (phrase or clause), with each in their appropriate position
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