Abstract
Spontaneous and traumatic pneumothoraces are best treated by inserting a drainage catheter of either a Robinson or mushroom type into the pleural space with constant underwater suction. In hemopneumothorax the use of a larger catheter, generally a No. 34 to 38 French, is mandatory when proper facilities are available for its insertion and supervision. In massive hemopneumothorax an open thoracotomy may be required. For tension pneumothorax, simple needle drainage with a fashioned check valve may enable transportation of the patient to areas where definitive closed thoracotomy may be safely carried out.
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