Abstract
LACTIC ACIDOSIS IS A metabolic acidosis that occurs as a result of elevated serum L-lactate levels. It is classified according to the presence or absence of associated tissue hypoxia. In type-A lactic acidosis, impaired tissue oxygenation leads to increased anaerobic metabolism and an excessive production of pyruvate (which is then converted to lactate). Shock, hypoxia, heart failure, and/or hypovolemia are common causes of type-A lactic acidosis. Type-B lactic acidosis is characterized by an absence of overt tissue hypoxia; causes include toxin-induced impairment of cellular metabolism (cyanide, metformin, anti-HIV medications), thiamine deficiency, malignancy, alcoholism, and liver failure.
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