Abstract
The paper describes the design of high-performance vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a low series resistance, low threshold voltage and power dissipation, and high differential quantum efficiency. The integration of these VCSELs with heterojunction phototransistors and photothyristors yielded a new family of high-performance optical switches that can perform switching, logic, regeneration, and memory functions. Moreover, the switches are cascadable and functionally integrable.
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