Abstract
Two versions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (CAS-FGOALS), version f3-L and g3, are used to simulate the two interglacial epochs of the mid-Holocene and the Last Interglacial in phase 4 of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4), which aims to study the impact of changes in orbital parameters on the Earth’s climate. Following the PMIP4 experimental protocols, four simulations for the mid-Holocene and two simulations for the Last Interglacial have been completed, and all the data, including monthly and daily outputs for the atmospheric, oceanic, land and sea-ice components, have been released on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) node. These datasets contribute to PMIP4 and CMIP6 (phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) by providing the variables necessary for the two interglacial periods. In this paper, the basic information of the CAS-FGOALS models and the protocols for the two interglacials are briefly described, and the datasets are validated using proxy records. Results suggest that the CAS-FGOALS models capture the large-scale changes in the climate system in response to changes in solar insolation during the interglacial epochs, including warming in mid-to-high latitudes, changes in the hydrological cycle, the seasonal variation in the extent of sea ice, and the damping of interannual variabilities in the tropical Pacific. Meanwhile, disagreements within and between the models and the proxy data are also presented. These datasets will help the modeling and the proxy data communities with a better understanding of model performance and biases in paleoclimate simulations.
Highlights
The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) is an international framework that coordinates paleoclimate modeling and validation initialized since the 1990s (Joussaume and Taylor, 1995)
Simulations of five key epochs have been designed for the scientific objectives in CMIP6, including the millennium prior to the industrial epoch (CMIP6 name past1000, 850–1849 CE), the mid-Holocene, the Last Glacial Maximum, the Last Interglacial, and ZHENG ET AL
The changes in insolation anomalies yielded by the two versions of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)-FGOALS3 are almost exactly the same as those shown in the experimental design for 6 and 127 ka (Otto-Bliesner et al, 2017)
Summary
The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) is an international framework that coordinates paleoclimate modeling and validation initialized since the 1990s (Joussaume and Taylor, 1995). The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (midPlioceneEoi400, 3.2 Ma BP) These epochs are ranked as Tier 1 priority simulations in CMIP6. The choice of these key climatic periods is based on previous PMIP experience and is justified by the need to address the key CMIP6 question “How does the Earth system respond to forcing? In PMIP3, three versions of FGOALS [FGOALS-g2 (Li et al, 2013), FGOALS-s2 (Bao et al, 2013), and FGOALS-gl (Man and Zhou, 2011)] provide more simulations than the key epochs in PMIP2, including the last millennium (Man and Zhou, 2011), the mid-Holocene, the Last Glacial Maximum (Zheng and Yu, 2013), and the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (Zheng et al, 2013).
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