Abstract

Trans-carvone oxide has been found in the floral fragrances of nine species of Ca- tasetum, one species each of Aspasia and Notylia (all three genera in Orchidaceae), and in one species of Dalechampia (Euphorbiaceae). Carvone oxide is a major fragrance component in 11 of the 12 species analyzed, and has been synthesized and used in field bioassays in Panama, where it attracts five species of Eulaema and three species of Euglossa. We predict it will be a major attractant of Eulaema species that previously have not been attracted to chemical baits. We suggest that synthesis and secretion of carvone oxide by several genera of Orchidaceae and one species of Euphorbiaceae are the result of evolutionary convergence in floral rewards.

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