Cartilage. Vol. 1: Structure, function, and biochemistry. Vol. 2: Development, differentiation, and growth. Vol. 3: Biomedical aspects: Brian K. Hall (editor) Orlando, Fla., 1983, Academic Press. Vol. 1–385 pages, Price $55; vol. 2–409 pages, Price $55; vol. 3–353 pages, Price $49.50

Abstract

1.1. A review of the history of the evolution of the edgewise arch mechanism has been presented. Starting with the “E” arch, the appliances developed by Edward H. Angle have been surveyed briefly. These appliances include the “pin and tube,” the “ribbon” arch, and finally the edgewise arch mechanism.2.2. Angle's treatment plan in his later years embodied the concept of stationary anchorage inherent in the edgewise arch mechanism. Expansion was endorsed with the basic tenet that function and growth would work together for the development of the denture to its full potential.3.3. The Tweed philosophy, in placing the mandibular incisors upright over basal bone, soon rejected the practice of lateral expansion and accepted the dental arch form of the patient with malocclusion as the final form after treatment. To align crowded or protrusive dental units properly within the confines of a given amount of bony support, extraction of dental units was recommended.4.4. The Bull technique, a modification of Tweed's original procedure, varies in the degree to which the mandibular canines and incisors arc retracted and in the manner in which the mandibular posterior segments are treated. The forward movement of the mandibular posterior teeth serves as the resistance unit for the distal movement of the maxillary canines and incisors.5.5. The Northwest technique, also a variation of Tweed's philosophy, utilizes a headgear applied directly to the mandibular arch to establish and maintain anchorage. An intercanine coil is used for the distal movement of mandibular canines, while a Hawley appliance initiates distal movement of maxillary canines prior to their complete eruption.6.6. Recent advances in the Tweed philosophy place strong emphasis upon the Frankfort-mandibular incisor angle (FMIA) as an exact angular expression of an upright incisor. The Kesling diagnostic setup, correlated to the FMIA, is recommended as a means of determining available or insufficient space in the dental arch.7.7. Treatment in the mixed dentition is recommended by Tweed to reduce treatment time, to prevent scarring of tissues, to decrease danger of relapse, and to effect the correction of a Class II condition more rapidly.