Abstract
Many people around the world struggle with the problem of an insufficient supply of iodine (I) and selenium (SE) in their diet. Food enriched with these elements is a good source of iodine and selenium. Juices made from four carrot (CJ) cultivars and biofortified with iodine and selenium (BCJs) were investigated to determine their I and Se contents, their impact on the supply of these elements to the diet, and losses in the production process. Other juice parameters important for consumers health were also determined. A significant increase in I and Se content relative to CJ was observed for each BCJ. The losses of I and Se (relative to raw material) during juice preparation were depended based on variety and added elements. Carrot biofertilization with iodine and selenium contributed to decreased contents of dry matter, total soluble solids, protein, sugars, and β-carotene in the juices and lower antioxidative activity as compared with CJ. Biofortification had little effect on the color and pH of juices. Finally, six polyphenolic compounds were identified and determined. Despite the reduction in the content of some ingredients in BCJ, they still remain their valuable source. Their added value is the increased content of iodine and selenium, which largely cover the daily demand for these elementals.
Highlights
IntroductionFood was treated only as an essential source of energy for the body
Over the past few years, there has been a change in the perception of nutrition
Selected physicochemical parameters of carrot juice depending on carrot biofortification and was determined with the Duncan’s test at p < 0.05
Summary
Food was treated only as an essential source of energy for the body. It provides physiological benefits in the form of proper functioning of the body. A proper diet prevents the occurrence of many diseases, alleviates their course, and is of great importance during the recovery period. Guarantee of human well-being requires a balanced intake of nutrients. Many populations struggle with problems posed by deficits of elements indispensable for health and life maintenance, including, for example, iodine and selenium. Selenium enables transformation of thyroxine (T4) into tyrosine (T3) [1], prevents the outcomes of oxidative stress, takes part in the immune response of the body and testosterone synthesis, Agronomy 2020, 10, 1360; doi:10.3390/agronomy10091360 www.mdpi.com/journal/agronomy
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