Abstract
Carrageenan is an anionic sulfated polysaccharide that accounts for a high content of red seaweed Eucheuma gelatinae. This paper focused on the extraction, optimization, and evaluation of antioxidant activity, rheology characteristics, and physic-chemistry characterization of β-carrageenan from Eucheuma gelatinae. The extraction and the optimization of β-carrageenan were by the maceration-stirred method and the experimental model of Box-Behken. Antioxidant activity was evaluated to be the total antioxidant activity and reducing power activity. The rheology characteristics of carrageenan were measured to be gel strength and viscosity. Physic-chemistry characterization was determined, including the molecular weight, sugar composition, function groups, and crystal structure, through GCP, GC-FID, FTIR, and XRD. The results showed that carrageenan possessed antioxidant activity, had intrinsic viscosity and gel strength, corresponding to 263.02 cps and 487.5 g/cm2, respectively. Antioxidant carrageenan is composed of rhamnose, mannose, glucose, fucose, and xylose, with two molecular weight fractions of 2.635 × 106 and 2.58 × 106 g/mol, respectively. Antioxidant carrageenan did not exist in the crystal. The optimization condition of antioxidant carrageenan extraction was done at 82.35 °C for 115.35 min with a solvent-to-algae ratio of 36.42 (v/w). At the optimization condition, the extraction efficiency of carrageenan was predicted to be 87.56 ± 5.61 (%), the total antioxidant activity and reducing power activity were predicted to 71.95 ± 5.32 (mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g DW) and 89.84 ± 5.84 (mg FeSO4 equivalent/g DW), respectively. Purity carrageenan content got the highest value at 42.68 ± 2.37 (%, DW). Antioxidant carrageenan from Eucheuma gelatinae is of potential use in food and pharmaceuticals.
Highlights
Eucheuma gelatinae belongs to the Solieriaceae family, the Rhodophyta division, and is a commonly popular marine plant acting as the material for processing β-carrageenan that is widely used in food, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals
The purity of carrageenan content varied from 23.41 ± 1.27 to 41.94 ± 3.05 (%, DW)
At the extracting temperature of 70 ◦ C, and purity carrageenan content increased by 6.8%
Summary
Eucheuma gelatinae belongs to the Solieriaceae family, the Rhodophyta division, and is a commonly popular marine plant acting as the material for processing β-carrageenan that is widely used in food, functional foods, and pharmaceuticals. The. Eucheuma gelatinae species is a small individual size and lives in dead coral areas. The demand for carrageenan increases more in the commercial rhodophytes and plays a vital role in the world [1,2,3]. The Eucheuma species was the most farmed red algae, with. 10.2 million tonnes in 2015, cultured in Korea, the Philippines, Malaysia, and China as the main algae species [4]. Agardh) farmed for producing κ-carrageenan, ι-carrageenan, and a mixture of γ-, β- and κ-carrageenans [5], respectively
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