Abstract
Cabralea canjerana is a species that has ecological and economic importance for the Southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds as well as the C. canjerana germinative process submitted to different substrates and temperatures. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed with the aid of digital caliper. In the germination test, the substrates blotting paper, sand and vermiculite, and the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC were used. The germination percentage, mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), synchronization index (SI), fresh mass (FS) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were assessed. The highest germination percentages occurred for vermiculite at three temperatures, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C. There was seedling formation in all treatments. The use of the sand substrate and the temperatures of 25 and 30 °C provided lower mean values of MGT and SI and higher mean values of MGR. The highest DM occurred with sand at the temperature of 20 ºC. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds varied. We recommend the use of vermiculite at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C for germination tests.Keywords: Meliaceae, native species, germination potential, temperature, substrate. Resumo:Biometria carpo seminal e germinação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. Cabralea canjerana é uma espécie que possui importância ecológica e econômica para o Sul do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a biometria de frutos e sementes, assim como o processo germinativo de C. canjerana submetido a diferentes substratos e temperaturas. Analisaram-se as características biométricas de frutos e sementes com auxílio de paquímetro digital. No teste de germinação, foram utilizados os substratos papel mata-borrão, areia e vermiculita e as temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, avaliando-se a porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação (VMG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), índice de sincronização (I), massa fresca (MF) e massa seca (MS) de plântulas. As maiores porcentagens de germinação ocorreram com vermiculita nas três temperaturas, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C. Houve formação de plântulas em todos os tratamentos. O uso do substrato areia e das temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC proporcionou menores médias de TMG e I e maiores médias de VMG. A maior MS ocorreu utilizando-se areia sob temperatura de 20 ºC. Ocorreu variação das características biométricas de frutos e sementes. Recomenda-se a utilização de vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C para testes de germinação.Palavras-chave: Meliaceae, espécie nativa, potencial germinativo, temperatura, substrato.
Highlights
The biometric studies of fruits and seeds are an indispensable source of information and help determine characteristics of dispersion and establishment of seedlings in native forests
We observed that the weight of 1000 seeds equals to 466,96 g (CV = 4.29%) and the number of seeds per kilo to 2.141 (Table 1)
With regards to the biometry, the fruits showed the mean length of 33,2 mm and mean diameter of 35.1 mm
Summary
The biometric studies of fruits and seeds are an indispensable source of information and help determine characteristics of dispersion and establishment of seedlings in native forests They subsidize the differentiation of species of the same genus; they help to identify the genetic variability within population of the same species and in the relationships between such variability and environmental factors. They can be used in different research, including genetic improvement programs (SANTOS et al, 2009; GONÇALVES et al, 2013). The seeds present a variable performance regarding germination at different temperatures and FLORESTA, Curitiba, PR, v. 47, n. 4, p. 391 - 396, out/dez. 2017
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