Abstract
This study aims to determine some morphological characteristics of two-year-old common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and oriental hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis Mill.) seedling and to determine the quality classes of the seedlings according to Turkish Standards Institute’s (TSI) seedling quality standards and sturdiness quotient values. As a study material, two-year-old common hornbeam and oriental hornbeam seedlings, grown from seed obtained from three different altitudes as lower (0-400 m), mid (400-800 m) and upper (800-1200 m) in the Trabzon-Maçka watershed were used. The seedlings were grown in seedbeds in open nursery conditions of Karadeniz Technical University Forestry Faculty Research and Application Greenhouse. Seedling length and root collar diameter were measured in two-year-old seedlings. The sturdiness quotient was calculated with the data of the measured seedling morphological characteristics. Quality classes were classified according to TSI seedling quality standards determined for hornbeam seedlings. The highest mean seedling length for common hornbeam was determined as 48.76 cm at the 3rd altitude level, while the highest mean seedling length for oriental hornbeam was found as 38.90 cm at the 2nd altitude level. The mean root collar diameters for were varied between 4.97-5.23 mm in common hornbeam and 4.62-5.09 mm in oriental hornbeam. As a result of variance analysis, statistically significant differences (p
Highlights
Turkey carries out important activities such as to increase the forest areas and sustainability from the past to present
The seedlings belonging to the 1st altitude level had the lowest seedling length (41.43 cm and 34.77 cm for Carpinus betulus and Carpinus orientalis, respectively) in both species
The highest seedling length was obtained at the 3rd altitude level with 48.76 cm in common hornbeam and at the 2nd altitude level with 38.90 cm in the oriental hornbeam
Summary
Turkey carries out important activities such as to increase the forest areas and sustainability from the past to present. While the forest area of Turkey was 20.199.296 ha in 1973, it reached 22.342.935 ha in 2015 and covers 28.6% of the country's surface area. 57% of these forests are productive and 43% are degraded. Rehabilitating degraded forest areas into productive is extremely important for the continuity of various functional benefits provided by forest ecosystems (Anonymous 2015). Forestation works with natural deciduous broadleaf species have become importance both in Europe and in Turkey (Kahveci and Tüfekçioğlu 1998, Huss and Kahveci 2009). Since deciduous broadleaf forests provide multiple-use forest functions, protect biodiversity and serve recreational purposes, it is recommended to increase these areas (Löf et al 2004). It is expected that the log prices of deciduous broadleaf forest trees will increase in the coming years (Abildtrup et al 1997, Löf et al 2004) and it is predicted that their growth rate will increase as the deciduous broadleaf forest trees will perform more photosynthesis as a result of global climate change (Sykes and Prentice 1996, Löf et al 2004)
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