Carotid Plaque Characterization Using Quantitative Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Study

Abstract

Objective: To assess the feasibility and reliability of incorporating quantitative shear wave elastography (SWE) data as an additional means of characterizing focal atheromata during routine carotid sonographic examinations when compared with conventional gray-scale Gray-Weale (GW) methods. Methods: Inpatients and outpatients undergoing routine carotid examinations at a medical center were included in the pilot study. Patients with prior history of endarterectomy, interventional therapeutic procedures, or absence of plaque formation were excluded. All examinations were performed by registered vascular technologist using a Mindray Resona 7 ultrasound equipment system with an L9-3U transducer in a carotid examination mode. The images were later reviewed by two independent, blinded observers and correlated to GW characterization. Results: There were 41 atheromatous lesions evaluated during the pilot study. The range of absolute (low to high) average and median Young’s modulus (YM) kPa values vary widely across each plaque type; they nonetheless still exhibit evidence of increasing stiffness as the gray-scale sonographic appearance becomes denser. The same observation is true of the average kPa and median kPa values as increasing YM values indicate increasing stiffness of interrogated tissues. Conclusion: This pilot study affirms the feasibility and reliability of incorporating quantitative SWE data as an additional means of characterizing focal atheromata during routine carotid sonographic examinations; further large-scale studies are needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of individual kPa values associated with specific plaque types.