Carotid Endarterectomy is often not Possible after an Unheralded Stroke: Unheralded Stroke in Carotid Artery Stenosis

Abstract

ObjectivesThe ongoing literature recommends carotid endarterectomy (CEA) primarily for patients with neurological symptoms, however CEA can be precluded by the onset of a severe stroke or a total carotid occlusion. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of unheralded strokes in patients with a previously asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) possibly considered for CEA. Materials and MethodsFrom 2009 to 2019, patients with an unheralded stroke from an ACS were considered. By neurological examination, patients were divided in unfit-for-CEA (uCEA) – either for the severity of the stroke (according to modified Rankin-Scale – mRS) or the onset of a total carotid occlusion – and patients submitted to CEA. Predictors for uCEA and stroke severity were evaluated. ResultsOver a total of 532 patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis, 277 (52%) with unheralded stroke were included in the study. One hundred and one (36%) were considered uCEA: 64(23%) due to their neurological conditions (mRS:5) and 37 (13%) because of the onset of carotid occlusion. One hundred seventy-six (64%) patients underwent CEA. The preoperative medical therapy was similar in uCEA vs CEA patients. Age≥80 years and female sex were independently associated with uCEA (OR:5.9, 95%CI:3.1–11.4, P<.01; OR:3.9, 95%CI:2.0–7.6, P<.01. respectively). Patients submitted to CEA had mRS: 0–2 in 102(37%) cases and mRS:3–4 in 74 (27%). The contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO) was independently associated with mRS:3–4 (OR:8.4, 95%CI 1.8–79, P=.01). Postoperative stroke rate after CEA was 2.9% (4/167); patients with preoperative mRS:3–4 had a higher risk for postoperative stroke compared to those with mRS:0–2 (5.9% vs. 0%. P=.02). ConclusionsAn unheralded stroke in patients with ACS leads to a severe neurological damage in more than half of cases, either precluding CEA (36%) or increasing the risk of postoperative complications (27%). Female sex, age≥80 and CCO are independent predictors of these occurrences and should be considered in ACS patients.