Abstract
To examine current understanding of diverse etiologies of extracranial carotid disease, including clinical and imaging manifestations as well as treatment approaches. Increasing availability of advanced cerebrovascular imaging modalities continues to elucidate atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic carotid steno-occlusive disease as a common culprit of cerebral ischemia. Individualized treatment strategies targeting each etiologic subset would optimize preventive measures and minimize recurrence of cerebral ischemia. Ischemic stroke is a prominent cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. The magnified effect of carotid disease warrants constant and close inspection.
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